Manufacturing explosives and propellants is one of the most complex, tightly regulated, and unforgiving branches of process engineering. From rocket fuels and smokeless powders to pyrotechnics and detonators, every batch demands total control over heat, shear, friction, and contamination. For over half a century, PerMix has engineered mixing and drying systems that meet these challenges head-on—combining safety, precision, and repeatable performance in ATEX/ExP-certified packages.


Understanding Energetic Materials

Explosives and propellants are energetic substances designed to release energy rapidly. They fall into several key categories:

  • Primary explosives – extremely sensitive initiators used in detonators.
  • Secondary explosives – more stable main charges such as RDX, TNT, and HMX.
  • Solid propellants – single-base, double-base, or composite fuels used in ammunition and rockets.
  • Pyrotechnics – color, flare, and smoke compositions for signaling and special effects.
  • Binders and plasticizers – polymeric or solvent systems used to hold energetic particles together.

Every one of these formulations presents its own hazards. Static discharge, a local hot spot, or even excessive shear can trigger an uncontrolled reaction.


The Challenges of Manufacturing Explosives & Propellants

1. Sensitivity to Friction and Shear

Energetic powders and pastes cannot be mixed like ordinary materials. Shear levels must stay low, metal-to-metal contact must be eliminated, and temperature rise must be tightly monitored.

2. Dust Explosion Hazards

Finely divided energetic powders can form combustible dust clouds. Contained mixing under inert gas and sealed discharge systems are mandatory for safety and compliance with ATEX and DSEAR regulations.

3. Temperature Control

Heat buildup—even a few degrees—can alter particle stability. PerMix heating & cooling jackets provide uniform, gentle thermal management with redundancy for continuous monitoring.

4. Solvent Recovery

Solvent-borne propellants require vacuum drying and vapour recovery. PerMix integrates condensate recovery systems and inert gas purges to safely reclaim volatiles.

5. Contamination and Wear

Sparks from abrasive wear or trace metals can trigger detonation. That’s why PerMix offers non-sparking materials—316L stainless, Hastelloy, or coated surfaces—and double mechanical seals with nitrogen purge.

6. Documentation and Validation

Batch records, recipe control, and PLC/HMI traceability are essential for defense contractors and regulatory inspectors. PerMix systems can be delivered with FAT/SAT documentation and full data logging.


PerMix Solutions for Energetic Manufacturing

Vacuum Double Planetary Mixers

For viscous propellant pastes and binder systems, PerMix Vacuum Double Planetary Mixers provide low-shear, high-torque mixing. Planetary motion ensures complete material turnover while keeping energy input minimal. Optional vacuum deaeration removes trapped air and moisture to improve density and burn consistency.

Sigma / Z-Blade Mixers with Extruder Discharge

For gum-like binders, polymerized propellants, and plastic explosive compounds, the PerMix Sigma Mixer delivers powerful kneading action at controlled speed. The optional discharge extruder allows sealed transfer into cartridges or presses—no manual scooping, no exposure.

Plow & Paddle Mixers (Low-Shear)

When blending propellant powders or coating granules with plasticizers, PerMix Plow Mixers create a fluidized mixing zone without excessive friction. Gas-purged shafts and grounding lugs protect against static discharge, and internal baffles ensure total homogeneity.

Double Cone & V-Blenders

Ideal for final blending of pre-dried energetic powders, PerMix Double Cone and V-Blenders offer gentle tumbling action that preserves particle integrity. They can be supplied with vacuum or inert gas systems for safe atmosphere control.

Vacuum Ribbon Mixers & Dryers

For solvent-borne propellants, the PerMix Vacuum Ribbon Dryer combines low-speed mixing with controlled vacuum drying. Solvent vapours are condensed and recovered, preventing emissions and reducing solvent losses.

Explosion-Proof Multi-Shaft Mixers

For high-viscosity propellant slurries requiring uniform heat and controlled shear, PerMix Multi-Shaft Mixers integrate sweep agitators, high-speed dispersers, and full explosion-proof electrical systems. Each shaft operates independently for perfect control of mixing energy.


Materials of Construction for Safety and Durability

PerMix builds every unit from materials selected for your chemistry and zone classification:

  • 304/316L stainless steel for standard energetic compositions.
  • Hastelloy or titanium for oxidizer-rich or corrosive formulas.
  • Hardox or coated internals for abrasive powders (balanced against non-sparking needs).
  • Antistatic coatings and grounding to prevent charge build-up.

All mixers can be certified to ATEX, IECEx, or UKCA standards with appropriate documentation.


Process Integration for Complete Safety

  • Inerted vacuum loading – automatic nitrogen-purged powder transfer.
  • Loss-in-weight feeders – accurate dosing of oxidizer and binder components.
  • Sealed discharge presses – enclosed product transfer to filling stations.
  • Explosion-proof dust collectors – with isolation valves and inert purge.
  • PLC/HMI control systems – recipe management, alarm logging, and interlocks.

PerMix can supply standalone mixers or complete skid-mounted process modules for pilot or production scale operations.


Case Applications

  • Composite rocket propellant development: vacuum planetary system with inert purge and temperature-controlled jacket to ensure binder dispersion at <60 °C.
  • Smokeless powder drying: ribbon vacuum dryer with condensate recovery, meeting solvent-emission limits under UK HSE guidance.
  • Explosive paste extrusion: sigma mixer with discharge extruder installed in a remote, nitrogen-blanketed cell, monitored via PLC/HMI interface.

FAQs

What certification do PerMix mixers carry for explosive environments?
PerMix offers ATEX and explosion-proof designs conforming to DSEAR and UKCA requirements, including zone classification assessment and full documentation.

Can mixers be fitted with nitrogen or argon purge?
Yes. Inert gas purge is available for shafts, seals, and vessel headspace to eliminate oxygen and prevent ignition.

How is operator safety ensured?
Remote operation, interlocked guards, low-temperature drives, and real-time monitoring isolate personnel from the hazard zone.

Do you offer laboratory trials?
Yes. PerMix provides confidential lab-scale mixing trials and process audits to evaluate performance before full-scale implementation.


Conclusion: Safe Power, Engineered Precision

Mixing explosives and propellants is not about brute force—it’s about precise control of energy, temperature, and chemistry. PerMix delivers that control through intelligent design, advanced safety systems, and deep process understanding. Whether you need a vacuum dryer for solvent removal or a full explosion-proof propellant mixing line, PerMix engineers tailor each system to your formulation and compliance requirements.